People who were stooped or blind or subject to seizures were clearly not okay as they were but required fixing In biblical times, physical and mental disorders were thought to signify possession by demons. In her memoir aist-High in the orld: A Life Among the Nondisabled, author Nancy Mairs, who writes about how having Multiple Sclerosis (MS) had impacted her self-image, body image, and day to-day life, observes that: Sex, Body, and Identity: How the Language of Metaphor Functions in Various Physically-Challenged Individuals' Expression of Identity and Selfhood Ultimately, no one was really hurt by Frey - the truth was brought to light by real journalists, for those readers who needed to know 'just the facts.' But creating a work of fiction and claiming that to be a memoir was not quite what Frey did: admittedly, the ethical line is a fine one, and it is subjective in terms of where the writer 'crosses the line.' But demanding absolute veracity from memoirists would come at a great price: the death of literary nonfiction itself. ![]() There is a line over which memoir cannot cross, however: blatantly pretending to have an experience one did not, such as living through the Holocaust, would clearly be unacceptable. It is unlikely the writer has the ability to accurately recollect conversations and thoughts in their entirety, years after the events took place. Furthermore, any time a reader sees: "I said" or "I thought" on the page of a memoir, charges of fraud could arise. Creating such impressions through distortion is part of the memoirist's art. Compressing certain events can be used to create the impression of how an event 'really felt' even if it is not how the event really was, much like how time sometimes seems to slow down or speed up, or how in the mind of a child a teacher might seem like an ogre, even if this memory is unfair. Lee Gutkind, in an article titled "The Creative Nonfiction Police" pointed out that even Henry David Thoreau compressed certain elements of Thoreau's famous two years spent on Walden Pond into one for the sake of creating a more compelling narrative (Gutkind 2004). It is a subjective truth, altered by the mind of a recovering drug addict and alcoholic" (Frey 2006).ĭefenders of Frey were even more explicit in noting that telling a good story and creating a vivid image in the mind of a reader often demands the use of certain literary techniques. ![]() This memoir is a combination of facts about my life and certain embellishments. It is about impression and feeling, about individual recollection. Frey defended himself stating that: "I believe, and I understand others strongly disagree, that memoir allows the writer to work from memory instead of from a strict journalistic or historical standard. In fact, it could be joked that other than the fact that he admitted he was a liar and an addict, everything else was fiction. Empirical research findings from peer reviewed literature will also be described to substantiate the discussion along with citation of…įrey was decried in the media because many of the hard, factual aspects of his narrative were not supported by documented evidence. ![]() ichael Stein's book called 'The Addict' assumes the central theme of the paper with an emphasis on 'relationships' dynamics of substance addiction. Since addictions are broadly categorized into two subcategories, substance addition and process addiction, present study only includes literature based on substance addiction. By application of concepts, ideas, treatment interventions, and rehab initiatives, medical professionals try to create value for both the addict and the surrounding environment. ![]() The psychologists and clinicians rely on information gathered by eminent researchers in the field studies and co-relate the symptoms and treatment performed in case study researches. Addiction psychology deals with clinical psychology and involves the collection of data and information to perform diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and post-treatment assessment of substance addicts.
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